Finding a menstrual cup that feels comfortable can take a little practice. This guide covers how to choose a size, insert and remove your cup gently, and keep it clean. Always follow the instructions supplied with your particular cup, as sizing, cleaning methods and maximum wear times vary.
What is a menstrual cup?
A menstrual cup sits inside the vagina and collects period blood rather than absorbing it. Reusable cups are emptied, cleaned and used again according to the manufacturer's instructions.
How to choose the right menstrual cup size
Start with the size guide for the brand you are buying. Labels such as “small” and “large” are not a universal sizing system, so compare the actual dimensions and capacity rather than choosing by the name alone.
- Consider your flow. A smaller-capacity cup may suit lighter days, while a higher-capacity cup can be useful for heavier flow. Capacity is not the same as comfort: do not choose a larger cup solely to avoid emptying it.
- Use age and birth history as starting points. Some brands use age and whether you have given birth vaginally in their sizing recommendations. These are guides, not guarantees of a good fit.
- Check the cup's dimensions. Compare its length and diameter with the brand's fit guidance. If you are unsure about your anatomy or have a pelvic health condition, ask a healthcare professional for advice.
- Check the material. Read the material information carefully, especially if you have a latex allergy or other sensitivities.
The right fit should feel comfortable. Persistent pain, pressure or difficulty passing urine is a reason to remove the cup and seek advice, not something to push through. If one cup does not suit you, a different size or design may work better.
Before using your cup
Read the full product instructions, including the maximum wear time and cleaning guidance. Inspect the cup for damage, wash your hands and prepare the cup exactly as directed. If the instructions require boiling or another sanitising method before first use, follow the specified method and timing and allow it to cool before handling.
If you have an intrauterine device (IUD or coil), speak to your contraception provider before using a cup. There is some evidence of a risk of dislodging an IUD. Get personalised advice if you have a pelvic health condition or concerns about using an internal period product.
How to insert a menstrual cup
- Wash your hands and make sure the cup is clean.
- Find a comfortable position and relax. Give yourself time rather than rushing.
- Fold the cup using a method shown in the manufacturer's instructions.
- Gently insert it as directed, then allow it to open. Do not force it or continue if it hurts.
- Check the fit and seal using the manufacturer's guidance. If it feels uncomfortable, remove it gently and try again later.
It is fine to use a pad or period underwear as backup while you learn.
When should you empty it?
Never exceed the maximum wear time stated for your cup. Empty it sooner if it fills up, leaks or feels uncomfortable. When you first start, check it more frequently to learn how quickly it fills on different days of your period. Do not assume every cup can safely be worn for the same number of hours.
How to remove your cup safely
- Wash your hands and relax in a comfortable position.
- Reach the base of the cup and gently pinch it to release the seal, following the product instructions.
- Keeping the seal released, ease the cup out slowly. Do not pull it out by the stem alone.
- Empty the contents into the toilet, then clean the cup as directed before reinserting it.
If you cannot remove your cup, do not keep pulling forcefully or use tools. Seek help from a healthcare professional.
Cleaning and storing your cup
Wash your hands and clean the cup before each use. Follow its instructions for suitable cleansers and rinse thoroughly; avoid scented products that may irritate sensitive skin. Between periods, clean and sanitise the cup using the recommended method, allow it to dry fully, and store it as directed. Follow the manufacturer's replacement guidance and stop using a damaged cup.
What if your cup leaks?
Check whether the cup is full, whether it has opened properly and whether you are using it as directed. Leakage does not automatically mean you need a larger size. If it continues, revisit the brand's fit guide or ask its support team about a different size or design.
Know when to get medical help
Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is rare but life-threatening and can occur with menstrual cups. Symptoms can develop quickly and include a high temperature, muscle aches, vomiting or diarrhoea, a rough rash, dizziness or confusion.
If you think you may have TSS, remove the cup and get urgent help from NHS 111, telling them you were using a menstrual cup. Call 999 or go to A&E for severe symptoms such as difficulty breathing or collapse. Do not wait for every symptom to appear.
Stop using the cup and speak to a healthcare professional if you experience ongoing pain, irritation or difficulty passing urine.
A comfortable fit matters more than the size label
Use the manufacturer's size guide as your starting point, choose for comfort as well as capacity, and give yourself time to learn. Careful cleaning, timely emptying and releasing the seal before removal are essential habits.
This article provides general information, not individual medical advice. Your cup's instructions and advice from a qualified healthcare professional should guide your use.